 Description:
Ampicillin is an aminopenicillin with a broader
spectrum of activity than Benzyl penicillin especially
against Gram-negative bacteria. It is inactivated
by betalactamase. It is acid-stable and highly
absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Hypersensitivity is the main adverse effect.
Composition: -
Each vial contains Ampicillin Sodium equivalent
to 500mg/2.5 gm Ampicillin
Indications: - Treatment of
infection caused by penicillin-sensitive Gram-Negative
bacteria as well as H.Influenzae, E.coli, P.Miranilis,
Salmonella and some Shigella species. Treatment
of bronchitis, bacterial endocarditis, meningitis,
acute otitis media, bacterial pharyngitis, bacterial
pneumonia, septicemia, sinusitis, urinary tract
infections.
Contraindications: - Known
history of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions
to any of the penicillins.
Side effects / Adverse Reactions: -
More frequent (more than 10%):
Gastrointestinal reactions (mild diarrhoea nausea
or vomiting), headache, oral candidiasis, and
vaginal candidiasis.
Occasional (1-3%): Allergic reactions (anaphylaxis),
exfoliative dermatitis, serum sickness-like
reactions, skin rash, hives, itching.
Rare (0.001-1%): Clostridium
difficile colitis (may occur up to several weeks
after discontinuation of the medication), interstitial
nephritis, leucopoenia, neutropenia, pain at
the site of injection, or thrombocytopenia,
seizures (in patients receiving high dose) and
or having renal function impairment.
Precautions: - Patients allergic
to one penicillin may be allergic to other penicillins
also. Penicillins are distributed into breast
milk. Although significant problems have not
been documented, the use of pencillins in penicillins
in nursing mothers may lead to sensitization,
diarrhoea, candidiasis and skin rash in the
infant.
Dosage and Administration: -
Injections: - Intramuscular or intravenous 250
to 500 mg every six hours; bacterial endocarditis,
meningitis or septicaemia 1 to 2 g every 3 to
4 hours; listeriosis 50 mg per kg of body weight
every 6 hours. Neonates up to 2 kg of body weight
25 to 50 gm every 12 hours during the first
week of life, therefore 50 mg every eight hours.
Neonates over 2 kg 50 mg per kg of body weight
every 8 hours during the first week of life,
therefore every six hours. Infants up to 20
kg 12.5 mg per kg body weight every 6 hours.
Infants over 20 kg should receive the usual
adult dose.
Presentations: - 25 vials of
500 mg in a Multicarton.
10 vials of 2.5 gm in a Multicarton.
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